Le illustrazioni qui riportate aiutano anche a fare chiarezza sulla terminologia. Si utilizza la scrittura in partitura, quindi, nella musica dell'insieme, da camera, corale, orchestrale e bandistica e persino nella musica elettronica quando la gestione di una polifonia complessa richiede una notazione scritta.Įssendo le parole parte, partitura e spartito usate in maniera imprecisa, riportiamo la terminologia corretta qui appresso. Una partitura (letteralmente ed etimologicamente Insieme di parti) e Una rappresentazione grafica di più musicali musicali contemporanei, ad uso del compositore o del Direttore d'orchestra al bene di controllo e gestire con un colpo d'occhio combinato simultaneità delle parti che concorrono all ' opera musicale. His music was further popularised through a multitude of arrangements, including, for instance, the Air on the G String, and of recordings, such as three different box sets with complete performances of the composer's oeuvre marking the 250th anniversary of his death. Dissemination of scholarship on the composer continued through periodicals (and later also websites) exclusively devoted to him, and other publications such as the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV, a numbered catalogue of his works) and new critical editions of his compositions.
The 19th century saw the publication of some major Bach biographies, and by the end of that century all of his known music had been printed. Throughout the 18th century Bach was primarily valued as an organist, while his keyboard music, such as The Well-Tempered Clavier, was appreciated for its didactic qualities. He composed concertos, for instance for violin and for harpsichord, and suites, as chamber music as well as for orchestra. Many of his works employ the genres of canon and fugue. He wrote extensively for organ and for other keyboard instruments. He often adopted Lutheran hymns, not only in his larger vocal works, but for instance also in his four-part chorales and his sacred songs. He composed Latin church music, Passions, oratorios, and motets. He died of complications after eye surgery in 1750 at the age of 65.īach enriched established German styles through his mastery of counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organisation, and his adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France. Bach's compositions include hundreds of cantatas, both sacred and secular. In the last decades of his life he reworked and extended many of his earlier compositions. In Leipzig, as had happened during some of his earlier positions, he had difficult relations with his employer, a situation that was little remedied when he was granted the title of court composer by his sovereign, Augustus, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, in 1736. From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music.
He composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum. From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St. Thomas) in Leipzig.
From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar, where he expanded his organ repertory, and Köthen, where he was mostly engaged with chamber music. After being orphaned at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother Johann Christoph, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg. The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach. Since the 19th-century Bach Revival he is generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time. He is known for instrumental compositions such as the Brandenburg Concertos and the Goldberg Variations, and for vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March O.S. 21 March 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period.
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